Round The World
New Delhi, 3 May 2012
India-Afghan Partnership
CAN WE OPTIMISE SITUATION?
By Monish Tourangbam
Research Scholar, School of
International Studies (JNU)
‘Strategic
Partnership’ is one of the most fashionable and over-used phrases in international
relations, with every promising bilateral relationship becoming a strategic
one.
Pertinently,
India just implemented its
strategic partnership with Afghanistan:
Holding the first session of the India-Afghanistan Partnership Council and convened
the first Joint Working Group on Political and Security Consultations. Besides,
three Joint Working Groups under the Partnership Council on Trade and Economic
Cooperation; Capacity Development and Education; and Social, Cultural, Civil
Society and People-to-People Contacts will meet soon.
Arguably,
what does this strategic partnership entail in terms of India’s
interest? Does New Delhi
have a long-term plan to ensure its security after western forces withdraw from
the Afghan battlefield? Despite it becoming second nature for everyone to assert
the Afghan peace process should be Afghan-led, questionably: Who will
eventually lead Afghanistan
in the near future.
Will
Karzai continue to hold the reins of power, howsoever rickety? Or will the
Taliban rise to power with full force once western forces withdraw? Is India talking to the right people in Afghanistan? What
game is Pakistan
planning to play in the near future? How should India respond?
Importantly,
the situation in Afghanistan
has reached a critical juncture whereby New
Delhi needs to make some quick and hard
decisions. Keeping the Afghan Government
engaged is one of them which has been done efficiently till now. Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh visited Afghanistan
in May 2011, soon after Osama Bin Laden was hunted down in Pakistan.
A
few months later in October, President Karzai visited India officially
inking the strategic agreement that envisioned a number of working groups
dealing with different issues. Foreign Minister of Afghanistan Zalmai Rassoul’s
recent visit and the first session of the Partnership Council have set in
motion a dynamics that cannot be slackened.
A
highlight of his visit was India’s
decision to hold an investors’ conference on Afghanistan, hoping to enlarge the
field of private investments in the war-torn country. On a Government-to-Government
basis, New Delhi is one the largest donors in Afghanistan’s reconstruction having pledged $2
billion since the 2001 US
invasion.
The
investor’s meet hopes to open up the country for more competitive and
transparent investments. In this field, India will face stiff competition from
China which has an eye on Afghanistan’s vast mineral deposits having already
won some coveted contracts including the lucrative Aenak copper mine. India has the Hajigak iron ore mine and is
looking at securing petroleum blocks in northern Afghanistan and copper mines in
four other parts of the country.
Interestingly,
Kabul is ready
to cash in on this opportunity and make the most out of the competitive search
for resources among the regions big economies. In a welcome development, Pakistan too is
expected to join the investors’ meet. Given that of late India and Pakistan
have not only taken significant strides towards economic engagement but also Islamabad has shown a
cooperative attitude which could boost economic integration in the sub-Continent.
Indeed,
with stakes being high a lot depends on Afghanistan’s stability and
security and the socio-political makeup that emerges in the near future. Presently,
the Karzai Government does not seem to be control of the situation. With President
Obama busy with his re-election the Afghan war in a foreign policy weakling in his
Presidential campaign.
Notwithstanding,
Obama’s unannounced Afghanistan visit where he signed a strategic pact which envisions
tackling the post-withdrawal phase in the country, many criticized it as a
political gimmick to shore up his foreign policy credentials on the poll eve. A
Taliban attack in Kabul
just hours Obama left the country underscores a resurgent Taliban is clearly
not in a mood to compromise and seems confident of winning the war, forcing
foreign forces to withdraw.
Moreover,
Pakistan’s double game: Providing safe haven to terrorist groups like the
Haqqani network in North Waziristan responsible for many NATO casualties has
proved a major blow to the war effort.
Further,
since Osama’s killing in Abottabad, US-Pakistan ties have been under severe
strain with various rounds of talks coming a cropper. Washington-directed drone
attacks continue to ignite the war of words between the two countries.
Worse,
Pakistan
is in dire straits. The cold war between the military and the civilian Government
continues. With the Government’s fate hanging in balance, not only is the Pakistani
Taliban giving sleepless nights to the State’s security apparatus but Islamabad is slowly
losing the safe American hand.
However,
at the same time, all sides involved in Afghanistan
know that safeguarding the country’s future needs Islamabad’s active support. Pakistan, specifically its powerful military has
always played a pivotal game in the socio-political churning that Afghanistan has gone through since the Cold War
days to the Taliban’s creation in the 90s and continues to take sides in the
ethno-political clashes within Afghanistan.
Clearly,
Pakistan’s
military is supporting some groups and providing safe havens while simultaneously
aligning with US in its terror war. But, this double game stands exposed now, with
Americans clearly annoyed with Pakistan’s
reluctance to fight terrorism sincerely. The question is: Is New Delhi making optimum use of this new
situation?
Recently,
India and Pakistan have
made some major strides towards greater economic engagement. But, efforts
should be made to open communication links with the military establishment and
that is where New Delhi should pressure Washington in
back-channels communication.
Despite
complications in their relationship, Washington
still wields a lot of influence in Islamabad.
No other country, not even China
would stick its neck out to assist Pakistan
in its military ambitions if Washington
threatens to wash its hands off completely.
The
weakening position of the Pakistani military vis-à-vis anti-State elements should be exposed. A combined Indo-US
effort towards softening the might of the Pakistani military would go a long
way in preserving security in the region and also in making lives easier for
the Americans in the post-withdrawal phase.
In
sum, India-Afghanistan strategic partnership should aspire to move out of the
usual rhetoric and chart territories instrumental for the security of Afghanistan and
the region as a whole. New Delhi
has taken a step towards training Afghan forces, and the Karzai Government
should expose Indian policy-makers to the reconciliation process.
Moreover,
New Delhi
should keep track of the figures on the other side of the fence. Namely, Taliban
with whom the Americans and the Afghan Government are engaging. India should keep its ears and eyes open and
monitor all elements that are bound to take instrumental roles post the 2014 withdrawal,
lest we are caught yet again with a hostile power in Kabul. ---INFA
(Copyright, India
News and Feature Alliance)
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