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Hi-Tech Advances:KNOWLEDGE IS MONEY, by Dharmendra Nath (Retd. IAS),21 November 2009 |
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Sunday Reading
New Delhi, 21 November 2009
Hi-Tech Advances
KNOWLEDGE IS MONEY
By Dharmendra Nath
(Retd. IAS)
Till yesterday knowledge was power, today it is solid money.
A look at the Forbes list of billionaires, whether of Asia
or the world - be it Azim Premji or
Bill Gates - shows that we have nearly arrived in the age where knowledge is big
capital. Maharajas, money magnates, even petrodollars have taken a beating. Thanks
to it, J K Rowling (of Harry Potter fame) is a billion dollar writer. Earnings
are no longer physical-asset intensive.
Time was when capital was the most important and scarcest
factor of production. It commanded the highest price and dictated the terms.
Today it has been displaced by know-how and technology. Ever more efficient and
user-friendly technologies are replacing outdated ones and making vast fortunes
with first-to-be-there advantage. How promptly Windows Vista has been replaced by
Windows 7 within a matter of months. That partly smacks of a trick but,
nonetheless, we lesser mortals have to accept it. Let us recall how our
computer tapes, floppies, CDs and even pen drives were and are being replaced
over the years. Every step of the way has involved massive creation and
transfers of wealth.
Peter Drucker popularized the term knowledge worker in the
fifties. But it is coming into its own now. The money which knowledge commands
is mind boggling. It is paid for as R and D and technical fees, shares and
salaries etc. The property about whose safety we are increasingly worried is
not physical property but intellectual property. We are in a knowledge race.
In the context of the knowledge worker there is little scope
for exploitation of labour. The boot is rather on the other leg. The worry is
excessive attrition and how to retain a worthwhile work force. Besides knowledge
is an appreciating asset. It grows.
Gone are the days when employees could be taken for granted.
There is a shortage of skilled workers and they are poached upon. You employ
intelligence agencies to keep track and take timely corrective steps at your
end. Otherwise you lose your precious employees.
These days able-minded workers are harder to come by than
able-bodied ones. This being so, the quality of education and skill-development
assumes a key importance. To meet the demands of the knowledge age, we need an
education that is creative, not just mechanical. To use Alvin Toffler’s
language, we need ‘third wave’ education which comes not by learning by rote
but by fostering creativity and capability for self-growth. At its core is the development
of mental power.
Such education requires patience and a supportive
environment. It develops cognitive faculties of the mind and the capacity to
brainstorm or to withhold judgment as necessary. It needs to be conducted in a
multicultural or even international context so that it is prejudice-free and
inculcates right outlook and correct perspective.
The uneven and even unacceptable quality of a lot of our early
education and the wasted years which it implies constitute one of the worst
drains on our limited resources. There is need to get over that fast if we
would not like to be left behind.
We should seek to justify financial support for this inevitably
costly education in terms of economic return on intelligence rather than merely
as an item of expenditure on a social service. That will put things in a better
perspective. That input-output ratio will beat that of most other investments.
Just think how the world began to take notice of us? It was our
performance as knowledge workers, our nuclear tests and our IT competence. But
there is a long way to go yet and we have to multiply the number of worthwhile knowledge
workers many times. Our eleventh Plan envisages setting up of seven IIMs, eight
IITs and 30 Central
Universities. The target
for IITs has perhaps subsequently been revised to 20. That is a step in the
right direction and so is the target of gross enrolment of 15 per cent of class
twelve-pass outs into higher education (up from 10 per cent). We will have to
go a long way in that direction and raise it to 50 per cent or more, as it is
elsewhere in the progressive world.
Besides, institutions like All India Council of Technical
Education (AICTE) Medical Council of India (MCI) and National Council of
Teacher Education (NCTE) will have to be tolerated with much more teeth than
today, if we mean serious business. So far they have played a very docile role
– amply commented upon by our courts – toeing the government line rather than
guiding it. The regulator should have the strength and should be in a position
to assert itself against unfair pressures. Otherwise, we will have as much of a
surfeit of politically powered institutes of higher learning – some of it
already in evidence - as we have of them at the school education level already.
Turning out unemployable knowledge workers would be a tragedy.
As pointed out above, our school education deserves a lot
more attention. Looking to the size of our economy much more needs to be done
in the less glamorous but altogether more crucial field of school education.
That is the intervening make-or-break stage. We must particularly investigate
educational practices which work well with underprivileged children. Commenting
on the U S educational scene in 2007 Baumol and others say ‘Our educational
practices are much like health care was before the 19th century when doctors proceeded without
evidence and resorted to little more than bloodletting and cupping as the
universal remedies for most illnesses’. How true that sounds for us too!
Knowledge happily is a highly competitive and also a democratic
commodity. Despite intellectual property rights, which assure a minimal return
to the originator it does not allow for extended monopoly nor for excessive concentration
in a few hands. New ideas and new concepts replace old ones and they can spring
up anywhere. Knowledge is not heritable either. In fact, today it is at the
fingertips of anyone with an access to Google. It is all lying out there.
Knowledge capitalism of the sort that is coming into
evidence is capable of solving the riddle of capital-labour dichotomy too. It
can usher in an era of social harmony which has only been dreamt of till now. That
conflict belongs to the industrial society. It need not be there in the
information society.
Today’s capitalists are yesterday’s knowledge workers.
Having made money, they employ others in a widening circle of prosperity and in
the end many of them even bequeath large portions of their massive wealth to
charities for general welfare thus giving it back to the society. Is knowledge then
our threshold to a new Atlantis?---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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Prices, Poverty & Growth:STOP JUGGLERY OF FIGURES,by Shivaji Sarkar,21 December 2009 |
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Economic Highlights
New Delhi, 21 December 2009
Prices, Poverty &
Growth
STOP JUGGLERY OF
FIGURES
By Shivaji Sarkar
Reality and projections are foxing
the nation. Almost 20 per cent price rise and the growing numbers of the poor
are the reality. But when it comes to growth projections nobody is sure whether
there is reality in these or these are mere officialese. One can only hope it
is not the latter.
The October figures lead to a claim
of 10.3 per cent surge in the industrial production and GDP growth at 7.9 per
cent. Basic projections on the low growth parameters of October 2008 -- 4.3 per
cent and a comparison with that of October 2009 and the claims of high growth
possibilities certainly do not project the actual facts.
Else, the Government would not have
grappled with the poverty figures. Growth in this country is not linked to
betterment of living conditions of the people at large. Instead, it has been
observed that social and financial discrimination increases. Despite the supposed
fast-paced pre-2008 growth at around 7 to 8 per cent, it is surprising that the
number of poor have not come down. Of course there are different figures by
different committees and departments.
This apart, the Government is also unsure
whether the growing food prices are adding to the numbers or not? In November
alone inflation jumped three-fold from 1.34 per cent in October to 4.78 per
cent as WPI. Shockingly, food prices have risen to nearly 7 per cent – from
13.68 per cent on October 31 to 19.95 per cent on December 5. Logically it
would marginalize many more and push them below the poverty line. This is what
four different figures for poverty estimation seem to suggest. \
Higher poverty ratio has its effect
on the Government’s kitty as well. It may swell expenditure on poverty
alleviation and subsidy-related issues by over Rs 15,000 crore. The Planning
Commission in 2004-05 estimated that 28.3 per cent of the population was below
the poverty line. The Government still projects this as the figure of poor
persons. There is a dichotomy. It does not take into account the rise in
population. The figures have to vary accordingly.
Importantly, three official
committees have rejected these figures. The SD Tendulkar committee set up by
the Planning Commission has stated that even in 2004-05 there were 41.8 per
cent people below the poverty line. Officially there were 38 per cent poor in
1990. The NC Saxena committee set up the Ministry of Rural Development
estimated, on the same parameters of per capita calorie intake of the Planning
Commission that a poor person requires at least Rs 700 a month to survive.
The committee estimates 50 per cent
of the people are below the poverty line. It has also taken into account
low-weight children and anaemic women into account for the purpose of its
calculation. This means almost 55 crore persons are living in absolute poverty.
The Economic Survey of 2008-09 puts the figure at 60.5 per cent on the basis of
subsisting on a wage below Rs 20 a day as per National Statistical Organisation
Survey. The average works out to Rs 600 a month.
It is important to note that the Budget
process has started and is to be presented almost two months later. The Government
has to accept one or the other figure for deciding allocations. The closest to
the present Government estimates are the Tendulkar committee figures. But these
are also 13 per cent higher than the accepted official figures.
Clearly, the figures would be
definitely more if the high food prices are taken into account. Incomes have not
increased. There were more people who had been out of jobs and even those who
are in corporate jobs have seen erosion in wages as most of them have been
denied a raise since about two years.
According to the Tendulkar
committee, there would be 30 per cent more poor in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand,
Bihar, UP, Rajasthan, MP and even West Bengal.
This means that on PDS alone the Government would have to spend Rs 10,000 to
12,000 crore. Expenditure would also increase on schemes such as NREGS, Indira
Awas Yojana, Swarna Jayanti Employment Scheme and similar other schemes.
If the rising prices are taken into
account, it would further swell the Government expenditure, which it is trying
to do with larger borrowings. Presently almost 7 per cent is the estimated
fiscal deficit. It is likely to swell further. This has a cascading effect on
expenses as also on actual growth prospects. Is the country getting into a
vortex?
Regrettably, the Government has not
been able to contain the prices. The Union Agriculture and Commerce Ministers,
Sharad Pawar and Kamal Nath respectively, are giving statements that are only
fuelling up food grain and sugar prices. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has also
warned of further rise in prices. The only dissenting voice is that of Finance Minister
Pranab Mukherjee, who says he is concerned about this and is taking requisite steps.
His concern appears genuine. But, he has to show results in the Budget and this
seems difficult.
If the number of poor and price
rise, the Government may do projections but it would be away from reality. It
also raises the question about the intention of bringing down the prices. So
far, nobody has yet explained why butter has become scarce in the market. The only
answer has come from the multi-national retailer Walmart, which admitted
hoarding butter stocks after acquiring it from Anand in Gujarat.
One needs to look at the meeting of Walmart Chairman S Walton with Manmohan
Singh on November 4.
This above is a grim signal and
points to the linkages of price rise and entry of the MNCs and big corporate in
the retail market. Somehow nobody raids their warehouses, whereas godowns of the small wholesalers have
been searched under the provisions of the Essential Commodities Act.
Indeed, the nation and its
parliamentarians need to speak against the entry of big business into the
retail commodity and vegetable markets. There is no scrutiny of the officials
and others promoting entry of this sector. They lure the Government with
artificial growth projections. The Government instead has to look at actual
growth of the people. The US
and the West are suffering the ills of monopolization of transnational
retailers. There is time to secure India from their ill effects.
The Opposition and the Government
need to sit together to study the menace. Finances benefit only a few but
growth requires a vision and not statistical jugglery. The West and now even Dubai is suffering from
financial projections, created in the books. India has survived some of the
recent financial crisis but if the present trend continues it may not be able
to do so for long. ---INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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Rising Divorce Cases:EROSION OF INDIAN FAMILY, by Dhurjati Mukherjee,9 November 2009 |
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Sunday Reading
New Delhi, 9 November 2009
Rising
Divorce Cases
EROSION
OF INDIAN FAMILY
By
Dhurjati Mukherjee
It is a well-known fact that over the years the
concept of the family has changed. Nowadays, the husband, wife and children
constitute the family, which was not the case two decades back. Worse, even
this family has become unsustainable and reports of marital discord have
increased over the years. The underlying forces of change have been giving a
new meaning to the causes of disharmony.
It is not that conflict, for example, due to
incompatible personalities did not exist earlier. But the fact is that it has
become more vibrant and open. Factors such as incompatibility of personalities
have existed in the past but what is new is that the tolerance threshold has
become fragile. Moreover, tension coupled with egos of individuals has
accentuated the personality clash, sometimes resulting in serious discords. The
clash of personalities has resulted in families breaking up and couples going
in for divorce or mutual separation.
The self dependence of women and their awareness
about rights have given rise to a new situation. Those who are employed or are
financially dependent find it difficult to tolerate the traditional dominance
of the male member and are in a position to take care of themselves without
having to fall back on their parents, as in the past. All these factors have led to an increase in the
divorce rate or separation primarily in the cities and urban centres.
According to a study by a Mumbai-based legal
activist, the family courts witnessed 2055 couples filing for divorce in 1995
in the city with the number going up to 3400 in 2004. Presently the number may
be not less than 5000. Similarly, in the sight of the matrimonial district
courts of Delhi,
an average of 25 divorce petitions were filed every day in 2004. In Kolkata,
the number has gone up from 1633 in 1966 to around 2400 in 2003 and may well be
over 4000 presently. It would be pertinent here to mention that because of the increasing
number of young couples resorting to divorce, six more family courts have come
up in Delhi since the late 90s to deal with a whopping 9000 cases of
matrimonial disputes.
Analyzing the various causes of such disputes,
it is generally believed that the three most important factors are: personality
related behaviours/tendencies, including deficiencies – sexual or otherwise; unfulfilled
material/monetary gains from, incompatibility, and lastly a superiority
complex. Cases of separate living or divorce are more pronounced where the
female member is assertive and employed.
There have been reports of the husband
suspecting his wife for alleged close or even sexual relations with a
colleague. While in some cases the allegations are true, there are many
instances where the allegations are baseless. Similarly, a working wife would
not tolerate her husband returning late at night and having any sort of
intimacy with any of his colleague. The clash of personalities in such types of
cases is very frequent and normally friends or relatives mediate to settle the
problems, keeping in view the future of children that the couple may be having.
Husbands normally want to dominate their wives
and would not tolerate their having intimacy with any male friend. While these
problems are more pronounced in the metros and amongst the upper middle class
or the upper echelons of society, the nature of the crisis differs among the
lower middle class and the economically weaker sections, where alcoholism and
gambling is a major factor.
In cases, the couple is issueless, the end
result is divorce. A woman cannot be divorced because she is infertile, as per
law, as there are alternative methods of procreation as well as adoption
available to the couple. However, in Muslim Personal Law, a wife’s barrenness
is a major ground for divorce if a husband wishes it to be so. Similarly, Islam
also allows a woman to divorce her husband if male infertility can be proven.
Reports of female private tutors having sexual
relations with the student’s father are well known. On the other hand, women or
girls, who manage the family as both the husband and wife are employed, have
been reported to have consensual sex with the male member. Many families do not
like to keep young girls because the wife suspects the loose character of her
husband.
With modernization of society, it is quite
apparent that tolerance and acceptability in the human individual would
gradually decrease. Moreover, attraction towards worldly objects would create
greater problems in man-woman relationship. With more and more women getting
employed – whether in corporate houses or in the unorganized sector – they
would tend to become more assertive in the family, more so if their income is
on the same levels as that of her husband. This would create more tension and
eventually lead to marital discord and may end up in divorce or separation.
One has to accept the fact that just because two
individuals have married, their thinking, mindsets and behavioural patterns cannot
be expected to be similar, more so if they are educated. It naturally takes
time to know and understand each other. The understanding, which will
eventually result in compatibility can develop only gradually and thus, both
have to accommodate the viewpoint and thinking of the other partner till then.
The essence of marriage is the ‘understanding’
of each other’s compulsions, which if lacking between couples, could spell
trouble in form of increase in family disputes and eventually lead to divorce.
In the coming year, there is a growing fear that the institution of the marriage
may, end up in ‘live-together’ relationships, where separation would become
much easier and not entail any legal hiccups. There was a time when sex and
procreation was the sole aim of marriage, but now this is possible even without
formal tie-ups.
Though counseling centres have mushroomed around
cities in particular and psychologists have been making efforts to bring about
rapprochement, the results are not very satisfactory. Arrogance and lack of
understanding are obviously the prime reasons. However, women’s organizations
say that more understanding has to be shown by the male member and his (as also
his family’s) domination in all matters has to end as with changing times
assertion of rights of the opposite sex is quite natural.
Indeed, it is difficult to project the future
existence of the nuclear family, but the sociological problems need to be thoroughly
examined. If in a family, the tradition of love and affection yields to
arrogance, suspicion and jealousy, it would have adverse affect in the child’s
growth and thinking process. Worse, it would jeopardize social values and
relationships.--INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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Belan Vs Ballot:SWEETY, HERE’S TO WOMEN POWER, by Poonam I Kaushish,9 December 2009. |
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POLITICAL DIARY
New
Delhi, 19 December 2009.
Belan Vs Ballot
SWEETY, HERE’S TO WOMEN POWER
By Poonam I Kaushish
Phew. Women are finally all set to get their rightful place
in the electoral sun. Post President Pratibha Patil, all-powerful UPA
Chairperson Sonia Gandhi and Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar, it is the turn of
the aam Femme Fatale to unleash their
female prowess in the power corridors of New Delhi and various State Capitals.
The verdict is out: More Power to Women!
Finally, after more than 12 years and
12 agonizing months the fair sex is all set to rub “female power shoulders”
given the thumbs up by Parliament’s Standing Committee on Personnel, Public
Grievances, Law and Justice to the Government to pass the Constitution (108th
Amendment) Bill, 2008 (Women’s Reservation Bill) reserving one-third seats of
the present strength of the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies for women,
“without wasting further time” in both Houses of Parliament last Thursday.
Sadly, like in the past, the
report’s ‘femme fatale’ statement was
tabled amidst protest from the male votaries known for their animus against
reservation. Specially MPs belonging to the regional parties.
Notwithstanding, the Samajwadi which submitted its dissenting note, leaders
of all other parties, including RJD might have approved its provisions on paper
but vocally opposed it.
What is it about this Bill that
inflames the Right Honourables to lose their head? Why is this final hurdle so hard to cross? Is
it just a pretense, a concession to humour a pocketful of educated women with
the Bill, which is meaningless to the large majority? For who is the Bill
meant? Will the poor and deprived community women get a chance?
Clearly, the ding-dong battle said
it all. Blame it on our male-centric mindset. Followers of God Adonis, they
hate the idea of reducing themselves to a situation wherein behind every
successful woman stands a man. Right from Adam and Eve, to the Sati Pratha, the time when Raja Ram
Mohan Roy initiated the process of unshackling women from male bondage, there
has been stringent resistance at every level.
Even now the support for the
Committee’s report is half-hearted, but politically correct to do so. After
all, in the cut-throat business of politics of appeasement, 50% of the
electorate is crucial. The torch bearers of the anti-women brigade is led by
our “Made in India” trio of Laloo,
Mulayam and Paswan who are plugging for an Other Backward Communities (OBCs)
quota within the quota. No matter, that
their track record of women representation within the existing SC/ST quotas is
zilch.
Besides, there are several
spoilsports to put a spoke in the wheel. In fact, other than the "OBC
block" they are confident that the proposal for rotation of seats reserved
for women, would stall the Bill. Sitting male MPs fear not only losing their
‘well-nurtured constituencies but also would be discouraged from nursing them
if they cannot contest again. Thus, they support the legislation in public,
certain that it would never become law. Only doffing their hat to the cause of
women’s empowerment than in actually seeing the law through.
In fact, those opposed to the Bill
aver that it would strengthen the upper caste and elite rule and promote family
politics in the country. The men of the said segment would ‘remote control’
their women to use the political power. Hogwash. Remember, no quota has ever
seen a homogenous representation. But even if the argument were justified, are
we to believe that Indian women would like to be represented by the Mulayam’s and
Laloo’s than by their urban sisters?
Shockingly, even as all talk about
more power to woman, a reality check bares some unpleasant home-truths. Women
account for less than 10% of both Houses of Parliament. The current Lok Sabha
boasts of a record 59 women MPs, the highest since Independence.
The next closest was in the 13th Lok Sabha with 49 women MPs, barely
9.02 % of the total seats. In 2004 the number was 45, only 8.29%, 12th Lok
Sabha (1998) 43 women, 11th (1996) 40 women and 8th (1984) 42 women. The lowest
number of women was in 1977 when only 19 women (3.5%) reached the Lok Sabha.
The less said the better of women
candidates. There were 556 women of a total of 8,070 candidates in the 2009
polls, 355 in 2004, 599 in 1996 and 326 women aspirants in 1991. Before 1980 it
was below 100 before 1980. Also, India’s record for women in
Parliament is among the worst in the world. A position of 105 among 135
countries.
Not only Parliament, but gender bias
plagues male-dominated States all over India. Take Haryana. The State has
thrown up only four MPs in the past 30 years. Of these four, three got a ticket
on the basis of their family legacy. In 1984, there were only 10 women compared
to 190 men for the 10 Lok Sabha seats from in the State and in 2004 8 women contestants
against 152 men. Clearly, exposing every Party’s pseudo-serious intent for
women empowerment.
What is the reason for such poor
women representation? Is it attitudinal inclination, the fair sex’s abhorrence
for the rough and tumble of politics, lack of opportunities or purely male
dominance? All this and more. If the 60s ushered in an era of free sex, burning
the bra typified the emancipated 70s, the 80s measured equality with right to
abortion and the 90s replaced rights and equality with empowerment.
True, the status of women has
evolved over the centuries. Every generation and decade has tried to move one
step closer towards eradication of gender discrimination. But as a woman
activist asserted, “Women are slaves to men. To cook, feed, mother and warm
their beds”. And this persistence of gender inequality manifests from the low
female-male ration of 0.93, one of the lowest in the world. The preference for
boys in fertility decision and the neglect and death of a girl child, gender
gaps in literacy, restrictive property rights etc. lead the deficit of women in
a male-dominated society.
Arguably, it is precisely the gender
distinction that results in lack of women participation in politics, governance
and economic activity. The Bill on reservation in legislatures will only help
bring women into the political mainstream and give them tangible political and
economic power in the context of the emerging paradigm, assert the feminists.
Undisputedly, there is a paucity of
strong women in politics with Party bosses often reluctant to trust them with
handling the rowdy business of winning elections. Add to this a neglect of
women issues in most elected bodies. The moot point is: Will this Bill correct
the centuries-old imbalances and stigma against women? Will increased
participation of women in the political process lead to less female
infanticide, fewer dowry deaths, bride burning and trampling of female
aspirations.
Importantly, no amount of
legislation has ended gender discrimination. Stringent laws against sex
discrimination have not led to any decrease in crimes against women. Often, the
culprits go scot-free or, get- off with light punishment. If we want to end
inequalities and injustice we must recognize that inequalities exist, tackle
the disease and not merely the symptoms superficially.
In sum, empowerment has to come
through educating women about their rights, family planning, mental acceptance
that both males and females are on equal footing and legislation. Watch out for the danger that gender politics
can lead to a ferocious brand of political Puritanism. So far jobs, posts and
seats in legislatures have always served as “apples of discord.” We must beware
of this. One hopes this Bill will not end up as an exercise in competitive,
reckless populism at its worst. As Pratibha Patil and Sonia Gandhi, have shown Femme Fatale is the way to go! ---- INFA
(Copyright India News & Feature Alliance)
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Helping Environment:INITIATE LOCAL INNOVATION, by uraj Saraf,9 December 2009 |
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Sunday Reading
New Delhi, 9 December 2009
Helping Environment
INITIATE LOCAL
INNOVATION
By Suraj Saraf
While world statesmen are busy holding global parleys to
face threats to humanity being posed by climate change resulting in global
warming, it would be pertinent to mention what India’s President, Pratibha Patil has strongly advocated i.e the
need to adopt innovative approach to tackle the minatory situation at the grass-root
level.
“World attention is focused on the Copenhagen (climate change) conference. I
think our grassroots local innovation can be useful not only for national
problems but also for world problems and answer for our second Green Revolution
and climate change,” she said while addressing the recent Fifth National
Grassroots Innovation Awards in the country’s capital, New Delhi.
She underlined that it was not necessary that high-tech
facilities were required for an innovation. “It is a fallacy to think that
innovation is a high-end activity that takes place only in sophisticated laboratories.
Innovation is a wide-ranging term that could mean technological, a fresh way of
management or a different way of doing the same task but which would result in
better performance,” emphasized President Patil.
Further, she maintained that innovation could be the result
of accumulation of collective knowledge of a civilization. “It is important
this knowledge is preserved and when used due recognition and recompense given
to the holders of traditional knowledge.” The outlay for research and development
in national plans must go up manifold and the “government should embark on
laying down a National Innovation Policy to bring about the much-needed
coordination among various initiatives in research, education, agriculture,
medicine and business.
It has also been highlighted that the quality of research
should be upgraded and institutions and agencies receiving funds must be made
“fully accountable. The result of innovation should be harnessed to become
products and services for the betterment of society. However, this translation
is often unpredictable and long-drawn requiring substantial efforts.
According to an earlier world report on “Development and
Environment”, many developing countries in recent years had begun to develop
policies and institutions for tackling environmental problems. The report specifically
underlined the fact that because developing countries had to start from scratch
and because their problems were extremely pressing, they had sometimes
considered solutions that were untried or little used in the industrial world.
This was not a conjecture but that a number of cases were
cited wherein the instances of innovative approaches to the environmental
situation from developing nations were quoted. One, the report had cited control
from pollution from transport in Mexico where a combination of regulations
and incentives had been used. These were claimed to be less costly than
regulation alone because they discouraged driving whereas most industrial
(developed) countries encourage the use of cleaner engines and fuels. In Mexico measures
such as gasoline taxes were being used to reduce demand and shift the travel
towards less polluting modes of transport.
In Thailand,
an Industrial Environment Fund had been proposed to finance the treatment of
hazardous waste from industrial sources. The fund would be financed from
charges on waste generation, and its proceeds would be used to establish and
operate central treatment and disposal facilities.
In line with “polluter pays” principle, the fund would be
financed from waste charges that would first be estimated for each industry and
later verified by environmental auditing. The charge would be set at a level to
cover the cost of transport, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste and provide
a margin for implementing the programme. Interestingly, all factories would deposit
with the fund their waste charge for the entire year.
Plants that attained lower waste per unit of the output, as
verified by accredited private environmental auditing firms, would then be
eligible for rebate in the operation of the treatment and disposal facilities
would be contracted out to private waste management firms through competitive
bidding.
Clearly, the main message of this initiative is that
pollution control costs could be maintained if the incentives are right, according
to the report. The more efficient an industry’s production process, the less
waste it generates and the less it pays for waste treatment and disposal. Indeed,
the scheme has given the industry an incentive to reduce waste and encourage
developing business opportunities in hazardous waste management.
A study of air pollution in Southern
Poland found net benefits to be the highest if stricter control on
emissions of suspended particulate matter rather than on emissions of both
particulates and sulphur dioxide were enforced. Apparently, the costs of
protecting and improving the environment appear at first sight to be large, yet
such investments must and can be afforded. With good policies, the costs are
modest in comparison with the potential gains from improved efficiency and
economic growth.
In all likelihood, most investments would pay for themselves.
Such investments must and can by afforded with good policies. Moreover, costs
are modest in comparison with potential gains. But increased international
support would be essential, the report advocated. It also added that local
environmental concerns needed to be better embedded in official assistance
programmes, and the close link between environmental quality and poverty
reduction warranted additional support.
The advocacy for innovative approach to face challenge of environmental
control (and thus climate change and global warming), by President Patil does come
timely for India.
If given proper heed, Union Environment and Forest Minister Jairam Ramesh would
not have reported to lament again that if there were any Nobel Prize for dirt
and filth, India
would get it. He is learnt to have done so at a function while releasing a
report on “Green India, 2047.” Said the overview of the report,” Our limited
analysis suggests that unclean air and water may be taking toll in terms of
over eight lakh deaths in the country each year and morbidity costs amounting
to 3.6 per cent of the GDP.” It is time
that our political class encourages innovation at the local level and have
something to share with the rest of the world. –INFA
(Copyright,
India News and Feature Alliance)
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More...
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Beleaguered Textile Industry:UNCERTAIN TIMES AHEAD, by Radhakrishna Rao,17 December 2009
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India At Copenhagen:NEEDLESS, UNREALISTIC COMMITMENT, by Shivaji Sarkar,12 December 2009
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Tackling Naxalism:OFFER CLEAN, UPRIGHT ADMN,by Dharmendra Nath (IAS Retd), 16 December 2009
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Copenhagen Talks:SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS MUST, by Dhurjati Mukherjee,11 December 2009
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