Open Forum
New Delhi, 29 January 2010
India and South Korea
TIME TO GO BEYOND ECONOMICS
By Prakash Nanda
Apart from displaying its military
prowess and cultural diversities, India’s Republic Day celebrations
every year reveal also a foreign-policy goal. The country’s invitation to a
foreign head of the government as its chief guest is a careful pointer to the
priority that New Delhi
attaches to the guest and his or her country in its foreign policy.
This year the chief guest was South
Korean President Lee Myung-bak. Obviously, India and for that matter the
Republic of Korea - South Korea in public parlance- want their relations not to
remain low-profile any longer. After all, India
is the third largest economy of Asia and South Korea the fourth. Over the
past decade or so, the bilateral trade between the two nations has improved
steadily--$530 million in 1992-93 to $16 billion now.
South Korea is the fifth largest investor in India. In fact,
in the infrastructure sector, the country is the third largest investor. If
everything goes well, Posco, South Korea’s largest steel maker will start a $
2-billion worth of project in Orissa, and this will become the single largest
foreign direct investment (FDI) in India.
South
Korean business groups such as Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo, LG, Dalnia
Telecommunications and others have an active business presence in India already
and are expanding their businesses into different sectors. There is now an
increased focus on cooperation between small and medium companies of the two
countries.
As can be seen above, economic
dimensions have dominated the India-ROK relations. But it is equally important that the
ties must go beyond economics. As is the trend in international politics these
days, friendly countries must indulge in talks that will lead to them being
“strategic partners”.
After all, South Asia and Northeast Asia are among the major trouble spots of the
world. In South Asia, the prevailing war-like situation between India and
Pakistan and in North-East Asia the intensifying tense situation in the Korean
peninsula have evoked global attention because of their potentials to challenge
the stability not only in their respective regions but also in the whole of
Asia and rest of the world.
In essence, the problem is the
division of each of the regions, which once was a single country, into two or
more sovereign entities. Both South Korea
and North Korea
(the so-called Democratic Republic of Korea-DPRK) are not reconciled with the
division and swear by the reunification of the peninsula. The problem here is
over the manner of the reunification, that is, whether it would be on ROK’s
terms or the way as envisaged by the DPRK. While the ROK is prepared for
a slow, steady and peaceful progress towards the eventual reunification, the
DPRK continues to show its aggressive designs on the ROK and lambaste its
democratic regime.
On the other hand, in South Asia,
though there are fringe elements who would like the restoration of undivided India, undoing
the partition is not the state-policy of any of these countries. The problem
here, however, is Pakistan’s
contention that the division or partition is still incomplete, something that India is not
reconciled to. Pakistan
has had eyed on many areas that are integral parts of India, the most famous being Kashmir.
The second common element in South
Asia and North- East Asia is that while the democratic regimes in India and the ROK are keen to extend their hands
of friendship to Pakistan
and the DPRK respectively, their offers are, more often than not, being
rebuffed in some form or the other. And coincidentally, both Pakistan and
the DPRK are essentially authoritarian countries, deeply controlled by their
respective military wings.
The third feature common to South
Asia and North East Asia is the fact that both
are nuclearised. In the case of South Asia, both India and Pakistan are declared and tested
nuclear weapon powers. As regards the Korean peninsula, it is an open secret
that both the Koreas
posses the know-how to make nuclear weapons. In the case of North Korea,
the country is suspected to have already possessed two or three bombs in its
arsenal. .
And what is most worrisome is the
growing linkage between Pakistan
and North Korea
in the field of developing weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It is now open
knowledge that North Korea
is helping Pakistan in the
field of missiles and Pakistan
is assisting North Korea
in the area of nuclear know-how, and both are doing this under the Chinese
supervision. Pakistan
supplied enrichment technology to North Korea beginning in 1998 in
exchange for missiles.
Interestingly, as is the case with Pakistan, which is not reconciled with India’s democratic and secular polity, North Korea is not happy with the prevailing
democratic system in South
Korea. Likewise, both Pakistan and North
Korea blackmail the rest of the world and demand international attention and
economic assistance, mainly because of their possession of missile-power and
nuclear know-how.
It is imperative, therefore, that
both India and ROK must have close relations to confront the threat from
Pakistan-China and DPRK axis. The China-factor is something that India and
South Korea have to contend with. China is the biggest common link between
Pakistan and North Korea. Viewed thus, New Delhi and Seoul must try to add a
new element in their relationship. India’s Pakistan policy has implications for
South Korea and South Korea’s North Korea policy has implications for India. To
go a step further, it is time India’s policy towards the Korean Peninsula
(meaning both the Koreas) and South Korea’s policy towards South Asia (meaning
India and Pakistan) became mutually reinforcing.
This is all the more so because in
the post-Cold War period there are a number of trends underway, both militarily
and politically, which suggest that a more genuine Asian balance of power,
created and maintained by States within Asia, could be in the making. In this
scheme of things, security of the nations of the region (Asia) can no longer be
defined in purely military terms, but must be cooperative enough to include the
growing number of non-military issues (economic conflict, population movements,
narcotics, transnational environmental problems, and religious and ethnic
nationalism).
The manifestation of this sort of
“cooperative security” in Asia is already apparent with the establishment of
multilateral organisations like the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), ASEAN
Post-Ministerial Conference (PMC), the Council for Security Cooperation in Asia
Pacific (CSCAP) and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). While South
Korea is a member of all bodies, India is a full-fledged member of ARF and PMC
and an associate member of CSCAP. It is also keen to join the APEC.
However, the fact remains that India
and South Korea are co-members of the ARF and PMC. This is a positive
development for their working together closely. A stable and increasingly
prosperous India plainly serves the interests of the whole of Southeast Asia
and East Asia, including that of South Korea—and not just as a vast new market
for goods and services. India also helps ensure that vital oil supplies from
West Asia can transit smoothly through the Indian Ocean on their way to the
East. --INFA
(Copyright, India News and Feature
Alliance)
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